Tiếng Anh 12 Bright Unit 2b Grammar trang 26, 27

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Haylamdo biên soạn và sưu tầm lời giải bài tập Tiếng Anh 12 Unit 2b Grammar trang 26, 27 trong Unit 2: The world of work sách Tiếng Anh Bright 12 hay, chi tiết giúp học sinh lớp 12 dễ dàng làm bài tập Tiếng Anh 12 Unit 2b.

Tiếng Anh 12 Bright Unit 2b Grammar trang 26, 27

Present Perfect (Thì hiện tại hoàn thành)

1 (trang 26 SGK Tiếng Anh 12 Bright): Put the verbs in the brackets (1-5) into the Present Perfect. Then match them to their uses (a-e). (Chia các động từ trong ngoặc (1-5) ở dạng hiện tại hoàn thành. Sau đó nối chúng với các cách dùng (a-e).)

1. ___ I am exhausted because I _____ (work) a long shift.

2. ___ Stephen _____ (just/return) from his company's headquarters.

3. ___ This is the first time Oliver _____ (attend) a job interview. He _____ (never/apply) for a job before.

4. ___ We _____ (work) on this project this month. It's such a large project that we _____ (not/finish) yet.

5. ___ Kevin _____ (work) for this company since he was a young man. He _____ (devote) himself to the company for the last twenty years.

a. a person's experience

b. a recent action that has a visible result in the present

c. an action that has just happened in the recent past and the time is not stated

d. an action that started in the past and continues up to the present

e. an action that has happened in a period of time but is not completed.

Đáp án:

1. b. have worked

2. c. has just returned

3. a. has attended/ have never applied

4. e. have worked/ have not finished

5. d. has worked / has devoted

Hướng dẫn dịch:

1. I am exhausted because I have worked a long shift. - a recent action that has a visible result in the present

(Tôi kiệt sức vì tôi đã làm việc một ca nhiều giờ – một hành động gần đây có kết quả nhìn thấy được ở hiện tại.)

2. Stephen has just returned from his company's headquarters. - . an action that has just happened in the recent past and the time is not stated

(Stephen vừa mới trở về từ trụ sở chính của công ty. – một hành động vừa mới xảy ra ở quá khứ gần nhưng không nêu rõ thời gian)

3. This is the first time Oliver has attended a job interview. He has never applied for a job before. - a person's experience

(Đây là lần đầu tiên Oliver tham dự một buổi phỏng vấn. Anh ta chưa từng đi xin việc trước đây. – trải nghiệm của một người)

4. We have worked on this project this month. It's such a large project that we have not finished yet. - an action that has happened in a period of time but is not completed.

(Chúng tôi đã làm việc trong dự án này vào tháng này. Nó là một dự án lớn đến nỗi chúng tôi vẫn chưa làm xong. – một hành động đã xảy ra trong một khoảng thời gian nhưng chưa hoàn thành.)

5. Kevin has worked for this company since he was a young man. He has devoted himself to the company for the last twenty years. - an action that started in the past and continues up to the present

(Kevin đã làm việc cho công ty này kể từ khi còn trẻ. Anh ấy đã cống hiến cho công ty này hơn 20 năm qua. – một hành động bắt đầu trong quá khứ mà ở hiện tại vẫn đang tiếp tục.)

2 (trang 26 SGK Tiếng Anh 12 Bright): Choose the correct verbs in the list to complete the sentences. Put them into the Present Perfect. (Chọn đúng động từ trong danh sách để hoàn thành các câu sau. Chia chúng ở dạng hiện tại hoàn thành.)

• travel • work • not/find • have • not/decide • spend

1. Mark is very tired because he _____ lots of time revising the sales report.

2. Eric _____ a job yet.

3. Fiona and Tina _____ at this company for nearly a decade.

4. _____ Vicky ever _____ abroad for work?

5. My friend and I _____ whether to start a business together or not.

6. I _____ a lot of meetings with clients this month.

Đáp án:

1. has spent	2. hasn't found	3. have worked
4. Has - travelled	5. haven't decided	6. have had

Giải thích:

Thì hiện tại hoàn thành:

Khẳng định: S + have/has + V3/ed + … .

Phủ định: S + have/has + not + V3/ed + … .

Nghi vấn: Have/Has + S + V3/ed + … ?

Hướng dẫn dịch:

1. Mark is very tired because he has spent lots of time revising the sales report.

(Mark rất mệt vì anh ấy phải dành nhiều thời gian đọc lại báo cáo bán hàng.)

2. Eric haven’t found a job yet.

(Eric chưa tìm được việc.)

3. Fiona and Tina have worked at this company for nearly a decade.

(Fiona và Tina đã làm việc ở công ty này gần 10 năm rồi.)

4. Has Vicky ever travelled abroad for work?

(Vicky đã bao giờ ra nước ngoài vì công việc chưa?)

5. My friend and I haven’t decided whether to start a business together or not.

(Tôi và bạn mình chưa quyết định được việc liệu có bắt đầu kinh doanh cùng nhau không.)

6. I have had a lot of meetings with clients this month.

(Tôi có rất nhiều cuộc gặp gỡ với khách hàng tháng này.)

3 (trang 26 SGK Tiếng Anh 12 Bright): Complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first one. Use the word in bold and the Present Perfect. (Hoàn thành câu thứ hai sao cho giống nghĩa với câu thứ nhất. Dùng các từ in đậm và thì hiện tại hoàn thành.)

1. Vi is still working on the project. (YET)

Vi has not finished working on the project yet.

2. This is the first time I've gone on a business trip by plane. (BEFORE)

(Đây là lần đầu tôi được đi công tác bằng máy bay.)

I have _________________________________________________.

3. It's been two years since the last time they met their former boss. (FOR)

(Đã hai năm kể từ lần cuối họ gặp sếp cũ.)

They haven't ______________________________________________.

4. I am 30 now and I have worked as an air traffic controller since I was 22. (FOR)

(Bây giờ tôi 30 và tôi đã làm một người điều khiển không lưu kể từ khi tôi 22.)

I have ________________________________________________________.

5. Elena attended a sales conference in June and December this year. (TWICE)

(Elena đã tham dự một hội thảo bán hàng vào tháng 6 và tháng 12 năm nay.)

Elena has ______________________________________________________.

Đáp án:

2. I have not gone on a business trip by plane before.

3. They haven't met their former boss for two years.

4. I have worked as an air traffic controller for eight years.

5. Elena has attended a sales conference twice this year.

Giải thích:

Thì hiện tại hoàn thành:

Khẳng định: S + have/has + V3/ed + … .

Phủ định: S + have/has + not + V3/ed + … .

Nghi vấn: Have/Has + S + V3/ed + … ?

Hướng dẫn dịch:

1. Vi vẫn chưa hoàn thành dự án.

2. Tôi chưa từng đi công tác bằng máy bay trước đây.

3. Họ đã không gặp sếp cũ của họ trong hai năm.

4. Tôi đã làm kiểm soát viên không lưu trong tám năm.

5. Elena đã tham dự một hội nghị bán hàng hai lần trong năm nay.

4 (trang 26 SGK Tiếng Anh 12 Bright): Make complete sentences using the prompts and the Present Perfect. (Hoàn thành các câu sau dùng gợi ý và thì hiện tại hoàn thành.)

1. Julie and Susan / be / colleagues / years.

2. I/ not speak / Paul / since / he / move/ new company.

3. This is/ second time / An /get / pay / rise.

4. I / be / many / interviews / my career.

5. they / arrange / a staff meeting / next week / yet?

6. Jack / change / job / twice / this year.

7. How many customers / we / serve / today?

8. Cindy is happy / because / she / just / receive / job promotion.

Đáp án:

1. Julie and Susan have been colleagues for years.

2. I haven't spoken to Paul since he moved to the new company.

3. This is the second time An has got a pay rise.

4. I have been to many interviews in my career.

5. Have they arranged a staff meeting for next week yet?

6. Jack has changed his job twice this year.

7. How many customers have we served today?

8. Cindy is happy because she has just received the job promotion.

Hướng dẫn dịch:

1. Julie và Susan là đồng nghiệp trong nhiều năm.

2. Tôi chưa nói chuyện với Paul kể từ khi anh ấy chuyển đến công ty mới.

3. Đây là lần thứ hai An được tăng lương.

4. Tôi đã đi phỏng vấn nhiều lần trong sự nghiệp của mình.

5. Họ đã sắp xếp cuộc họp nhân viên vào tuần tới chưa?

6. Jack đã đổi việc hai lần trong năm nay.

7. Hôm nay chúng tôi đã phục vụ bao nhiêu khách hàng?

8. Cindy rất vui vì cô ấy vừa được thăng chức.

5 (trang 26 SGK Tiếng Anh 12 Bright): Make sentences about yourself using these time words. (Viết các câu về bản thân bạn dùng các từ chỉ thời gian sau.)

• already • yet • just • ever • before • never • so far • since • for • recently

Gợi ý:

• already: I have already finished my homework.

(Tôi đã hoàn thành bài tập của mình.)

• yet: I haven’t eaten anything yet.

(Tôi chưa ăn gì cả.)

• just: I have just come back home from work.

(Tôi mới từ nơi làm việc trở về nhà.)

• ever: Have you ever eaten noodle without chopsticks?

(Bạn đã bao giờ ăn mì mà không có đũa chưa?)

• before: Have you ever been to Paris before?

(Bạn đã bao giờ đến Pari chưa?)

• never: I have never eaten noodle without chopsticks.

(Tôi chưa bao giờ ăn mì mà không có đũa.)

• so far: I have written 20 essays so far.

(Tôi đã viết được 20 bài luận cho đến giờ rồi.)

• since: I haven’t met Peter since he moved his house to another country.

(Tôi chưa gặp Peter kể từ khi anh ta chuyển nhà qua đất nước khác.)

• for: I have worked as a hairdresser for over a decade.

(Tôi đã làm thợ làm tóc được hơn 10 năm rồi.)

• recently: I’ve recently started going to the gym.

(Gần đây tôi bắt đầu đi đến phòng gym.)

Tense review (Ôn tập về thì)

6 (trang 27 SGK Tiếng Anh 12 Bright): Put the verbs in brackets into the Past Simple, the Past Continuous or the Past Perfect. (Chia các động từ trong ngoặc ở dạng quá khứ đơn, quá khứ tiếp diễn hoặc quá khứ hoàn thành.)

1. Lucy and Jennifer _____ (go) to London for a conference last week.

2. Oliver _____ (not/meet) James before they started working together.

3. We _____ (discuss) an important work issue when the phone suddenly _____ (ring).

4. Joe _____ (find) a job by the time he graduated from university.

5. The CEO _____ (start) this company ten years ago.

6. _____ (Janie/write) report at 4 p.m. yesterday?

Đáp án:

1. went	2. hadn't met	3. were discussing, rang
4. had found	5. started	6. Was Janie writing

Giải thích:

1. Trong câu có "last week" dùng thì quá khứ đơn, go => went

2. Cấu trúc "S1 + had Ved/V3 (quá khứ hoàn thành) BEFORE + S2 + Ved/V2 (quá khứ đơn)"

3. Để diễn tả hai hành động cùng xảy ra trong quá khứ ta dùng thì quá khứ tiếp diễn cho hành động kéo dài liên tục (discuss) và thì quá khứ đơn cho hành động ngắn chen ngang (ring).

4. Cấu trúc "S1 + had Ved/V3 (quá khứ hoàn thành) + BY THE TIME + S2 + Ved/V2 (quá khứ đơn)"

5. Trong câu có "ten years ago" dùng thì quá khứ đơn, start => started

6. Trong câu có "at 4 p.m. yesterday" dùng thì quá khứ tiếp diễn

Hướng dẫn dịch:

1. Lucy and Jennifer went to London for a conference last week.

(Lucy và Jennifer đã đến Luân Đôn cho một hội nghị vào tuần trước.)

2. Oliver hadn’t met James before they started working together.

(Oliver chưa từng gặp James trước khi họ bắt đầu làm việc với nhau.)

3. We were discussing an important work issue when the phone suddenly rang.

(Chúng tôi đang thảo luận một vấn đề công việc khi điện thoại đột nhiên rung.)

4. Joe had found a job by the time he graduated from university.

(Joe đã tìm được công việc ở thời điểm anh ta tốt nghiệp đại học.)

5. The CEO started this company ten years ago.

(CEO đã thành lập công ty này 10 năm trước.)

6. Was Janie writing report at 4 p.m. yesterday?

(Có phải Janie đang viết báo cáo vào 4 giờ chiều hôm qua không?)

7 (trang 27 SGK Tiếng Anh 12 Bright): Choose the verbs in the list to complete the sentences. Put them into the Present Perfect or the Past Simple. (Chọn các động từ trong danh sách để hoàn thành các câu sau. Chia ở dạng hiện tại hoàn thành hoặc quá khứ đơn.)

• quit • receive • not/return • go • work

1. Sue _____ to the bank to pay some company bills. She'll be back soon.

2. Last month, I _____ my job because I wasn't happy with the low wages.

3. Susan and Thomas _____ from the staff meeting yet. We are waiting for them.

4. Mary and Fred _____ their degrees yesterday after years of hard work.

5. Sam: How long _____ Greg _____ as a sales manager in Madrid headquarters? Ann: It's two years.

Đáp án:

1. has gone	2. quit	3. haven't returned
4. received	5. has worked

Giải thích:

1. Diễn tả hành động bắt đầu từ quá khứ và đang diễn ra ở hiện tại => thì hiện tại hoàn thành

2. Trong câu có "last month" => thì quá khứ đơn

3. Trong câu có "yet" => thì hiện tại hoàn thành

4. Trong câu có "yesterday" => thì quá khứ đơn

5. Câu hỏi với "how long" thường dùng thì hiện tại hoàn thành

Hướng dẫn dịch:

1. Sue has gone to the bank to pay some company bills. She'll be back soon.

(Sue đã đi đến ngân hàng để chi trả vài hoá đơn của công ty. Cô ấy sẽ về sớm thôi.)

2. Last month, I quit my job because I wasn't happy with the low wages.

(Tháng trước, tôi đã nghỉ việc vì tôi không vui với tiền công thấp.)

3. Susan and Thomas haven’t returned from the staff meeting yet. We are waiting for them.

(Susan và Thomas chưa trở về từ buổi họp nhân viên. Chúng tôi đang đợi họ.)

4. Mary and Fred received their degrees yesterday after years of hard work.

(Mary và Fred đã nhận được bằng tốt nghiệp hôm qua sau nhiều năm học tập chăm chỉ.)

5. Sam: How long have Greg worked as a sales manager in Madrid headquarters? - Ann: It's two years.

(Greg đã làm việc là quản lý bán hàng ở trụ sở Madrid bao lâu rồi? Hai năm.)

8 (trang 27 SGK Tiếng Anh 12 Bright): Choose the correct option. (Chọn đáp án đúng.)

1. Michael and Tom _____ with a client when their boss entered the room.

A. talked

B. were talking

C. have talked

D. are talking

2. Maya _____ three different part-time jobs so far.

A. has

B. has had

C. was having

D. had

3. Robert and Lucas _____ to the business conference together a few days ago.

A. are going

B. have gone

C. were going

D. went

4. Ben _____ his job a few weeks ago because he wasn't happy with the salary he was earning.

A. has changed

B. had changed

C. changed

D. was changing

5. When John finished his work he _____ off his computer and _____.

A. switched/ left

B. switched/ was leaving

C. had switched/ left

D. was switching/ was leaving

6. Before Mary _____ to this company, she _____ five years of relevant experience.

A. came/ has gained

B. came/ had gained

C. had come/ gained

D. comes/ has gained

Đáp án:

1. B

2. B

3. D

4. C

5. A

6. B

Hướng dẫn dịch:

1. Michael and Tom were talking with a client when their boss entered the room.

(Michael và Tom đang nói chuyện với một khách hàng khi sếp họ bước vào căn phòng.)

2. Maya has had three different part-time jobs so far.

(Maya đã có ba công việc bán thời gian khác nhau cho đến nay.)

3. Robert and Lucas went to the business conference together a few days ago.

(Robert và Lucas đi dự hội nghị kinh doanh cùng nhau vài ngày trước.)

4. Ben changed his job a few weeks ago because he wasn't happy with the salary he was earning.

(Ben đã nhảy việc vài tuần trước vì anh ta không vui với mức lương mình được nhận.)

5. When John finished his work, he switched off his computer and left.

(Khi John hoàn thành công việc, anh ta tắt máy tính và rời đi.)

6. Before Mary came to this company, she had gained five years of relevant experience.

(Trước khi Mary đến công ty này, cô ấy đã có năm năm kinh nghiệm phù hợp với công việc.)

9 (trang 27 SGK Tiếng Anh 12 Bright): Choose the option (A, B, C or D) to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to the given one. (Chọn đáp án (A, B, C hoặc D) để chỉ ra câu gần nghĩa nhất với câu đã cho.)

1. We last worked overtime five days ago.

A. We have worked overtime for five days.

B. We haven't worked overtime for five days.

C. We didn't work overtime for five days.

D. We hadn't worked overtime for five days.

2. The two companies were in discussion for weeks, and then they reached a deal.

A. The two companies reached a deal after they had been in discussion for weeks.

B. The two companies were in discussion before they have reached a deal.

C. The two companies had reached a deal after they were in discussion for weeks.

D. The two companies have reached a deal after they had been in discussion for weeks.

Đáp án:

1. B

2. A

Giải thích:

1. last + quá khứ đơn + khoảng thời gian + ago = hiện tại hoàn thành (phủ định) + for + khoảng thời gian.

2. “were in discussion” là hành động xảy ra trước, “reach a deal” là hành động xảy ra sau.

Cấu trúc với after: Quá khứ đơn (hành động xảy ra sau), after + quá khứ hoàn thành (hành động xảy ra trước)

Hướng dẫn dịch:

1. We last worked overtime five days ago. = We haven't worked overtime for five days.

(Lần cuối chúng tôi làm việc quá giờ là năm ngày trước. Chúng tôi chưa làm việc quá giờ 5 ngày rồi.)

2. The two companies were in discussion for weeks, and then they reached a deal. (Hai công ty thảo luận trong nhiều tuần, và sau đó họ đạt được thoả thuận.)

= The two companies reached a deal after they had been in discussion for weeks. (Hai công ty đạt được thoả thuận sau khi họ thảo luận trong nhiều tuần.)

10 (trang 27 SGK Tiếng Anh 12 Bright): Complete the sentences so that they are true for you. Tell your partner. (Hoàn thành các câu sau mà nó đúng với bạn. Nói với bạn cùng bàn của bạn.)

1. Last weekend, ______________________________.

2. At 7 p.m. last Friday, _________________________.

3. When I was a child, _________________________.

4. So far, ____________________________________.

5. After ______________________________________.

6. Before _____________________________________.

Gợi ý:

1. Last weekend, I had a picnic with my friends near a river.

2. At 7 p.m. last Friday, I was doing my homework.

3. When I was a child, I played badminton with my best friend every Sunday.

4. So far I have been promoted twice.

5. After I had given my friend the money, she left without saying a word.

6. Before I was promoted, my boss had given me such a difficult project and asked me to finish it before June.

Hướng dẫn dịch:

1. Cuối tuần trước, tôi đã đi dã ngoại với bạn bè gần một con sông.

2. Vào lúc 7 giờ tối thứ sáu tuần trước, tôi đang làm bài tập về nhà.

3. Khi còn nhỏ, tôi đã chơi cầu lông với người bạn thân nhất của mình vào mỗi chủ nhật.

4. Cho đến nay, tôi đã được thăng chức hai lần.

5. Sau khi tôi đưa tiền cho bạn mình, cô ấy bỏ đi mà không nói một lời.

6. Trước khi tôi được thăng chức, sếp đã giao cho tôi một dự án khó như vậy và yêu cầu tôi hoàn thành trước tháng 6.

Lời giải bài tập Tiếng Anh 12 Unit 2: The world of work hay khác:

Xem thêm lời giải bài tập Tiếng Anh 12 Bright hay khác:

❮ Bài trước Bài sau ❯