Giải hệ phương trình: (x + y)^2 (8x^2 + 8y^2 + 4xy - 13) + 5 = 0; 2x + 1/(x + y)

Giải hệ phương trình:

$\left\{ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{{{(x + y)}^2}\left( {8{x^2} + 8{y^2} + 4xy - 13} \right) + 5 = 0}\\{2x + \frac{1}{{x + y}} = 1\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,}\end{array}} \right.$

Điều kiện: x ¹ –y

$\left\{ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{{{(x + y)}^2}\left( {8{x^2} + 8{y^2} + 4xy - 13} \right) + 5 = 0}\\{2x + \frac{1}{{x + y}} = 1\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,}\end{array}} \right.$

$\Leftrightarrow \left\{ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{8{x^2} + 8{y^2} + 4xy - 13 + \frac{5}{{{{(x + y)}^2}}} = 0\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,}\\{x + y + \frac{1}{{x + y}} + x - y = 1\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,}\end{array}} \right.$

$\Leftrightarrow \left\{ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{5\left( {{x^2} + 2xy + {y^2}} \right) + 3\left( {{x^2} - 2xy + {y^2}} \right) + \frac{5}{{{{(x + y)}^2}}} = 13\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,}\\{x + y + \frac{1}{{x + y}} + x - y = 1\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,}\end{array}} \right.$

$\Leftrightarrow \left\{ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{5{{\left( {x + y} \right)}^2} + \frac{5}{{{{(x + y)}^2}}} + 3{{\left( {x - y} \right)}^2} = 13\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,}\\{x + y + \frac{1}{{x + y}} + x - y = 1\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,}\end{array}} \right.$

$\Leftrightarrow \left\{ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{5{{\left( {x + y + \frac{1}{{x + y}}} \right)}^2} + 3{{\left( {x - y} \right)}^2} = 23\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,}\\{x + y + \frac{1}{{x + y}} + x - y = 1\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,}\end{array}} \right.$

Đặt $x + y + \frac{1}{{x + y}} = a;\,\,\,x - y = b\,\,\,\,\,\,$

Ta có: $\left( {\frac{{ - 5}}{4};\,\frac{9}{4}} \right)$

Khi đó $\left\{ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{5{a^2} + 3{a^2} - 6a + 3 = 23}\\{b = 1 - a\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,}\end{array}} \right. \Leftrightarrow \left\{ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{8{a^2} - 6a - 20 = 0}\\{b = 1 - a\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,}\end{array}} \right.$

$\Leftrightarrow \left\{ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{(a - 2)(4a + 5) = 0}\\{b = 1 - a\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,}\end{array}} \right.$$\Leftrightarrow \left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{\left\{ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{a = 2}\\{b = - 1}\end{array}} \right.}\\{\left\{ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{a = \frac{{ - 5}}{4}}\\{b = \frac{9}{4}}\end{array}} \right.}\end{array}} \right.$

• Với $\left\{ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{a = 2}\\{b = - 1}\end{array}} \right.$, ta có:

$\left\{ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{x + y + \frac{1}{{x + y}} = 2}\\{x - y = - 1\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,}\end{array}} \right. \Leftrightarrow \left\{ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{{{\left( {x + y} \right)}^2} - 2(x + y) + 1 = 0}\\{x - y = - 1\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,}\end{array}} \right.$

$\Leftrightarrow \left\{ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{{{(x + y - 1)}^2} = 0}\\{x - y = - 1\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,}\end{array}} \right.\, \Leftrightarrow \left\{ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{x = 0}\\{y = 1}\end{array}} \right.$

• Với $\left\{ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{a = \frac{{ - 5}}{4}}\\{b = \frac{9}{4}}\end{array}} \right.$, ta có

$\left\{ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{x + y + \frac{1}{{x + y}} = \frac{{ - 5}}{4}}\\{x - y = \frac{9}{4}\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,}\end{array}} \right. \Leftrightarrow \left\{ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{{{\left( {x + y + \frac{5}{8}} \right)}^2} + \frac{{39}}{{64}} = 0\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,}\\{x - y = \frac{9}{4}\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,}\end{array}} \right.$   (2)

$\Leftrightarrow \left\{ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{{{\left( {x + y} \right)}^2} + 2 \cdot \frac{5}{8}(x + y) + \frac{{25}}{{64}} + \frac{{39}}{{64}} = 0}\\{x - y = \frac{9}{4}\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,}\end{array}} \right.$

$\Leftrightarrow \left\{ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{{{\left( {x + y + \frac{5}{8}} \right)}^2} + \frac{{39}}{{64}} = 0\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,}\\{x - y = \frac{9}{4}\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,}\end{array}} \right.$

Vì ${\left( {x + y + \frac{5}{8}} \right)^2} + \frac{{39}}{{64}} > 0,\,\,\forall m$ nên không có giá trị m thoả mãn hệ phương trình (2)

Vậy nghiệm (x; y) của hệ phương trình là (0; 1).